For many aspiring patent and trade mark attorneys in the UK, landing a graduate role has become exceptionally challenging. Structural
issues, market dynamics, and technological changes have all tightened the funnel. While applications have surged, the number of trainee positions remains tiny, leaving most hopeful graduates with
out a clear route into the profession.
A tiny funnel
According to the UK IPReg, as of April 2025, there are 2,818 registered patent attorneys and 854 trade mark attorneys. Yet only around 30 to 40 trainee patent attorney roles are offered annually, mostly concentrated in London, Oxford, and Cambridge. Trade mark trainee roles are slightly more numerous but still limited. By contrast, UK graduate jobs across all sectors received an average of 140 applications per role in 2023/24—a 59% increase from the previous year. The competition for IP roles is therefore extreme.
The degree mismatch problem
Patent attorney roles require STEM degrees. Graduates without relevant technical backgrounds are often screened out at the CV stage. Trade mark roles are less technical, but candidates with law-focused or IP-targeted studies still have a significant edge. Many capable applicants are applying for roles for which they are technically unqualified, further reducing their odds.
AI and the online application surge
Online applications and AI tools have dramatically increased the numb
er of applications firms receive. While AI allows candidates to submit polished materials efficiently, it also creates a flood of similar applications. Recruiters now need to identify which candidates genuinely understand IP and can contribute beyond what AI can draft. The average of 140 applications per graduate role in 2023/24 illustrates just how crowded the field has become.
The market isn’t collapsing, but growth is constrained
UK patent applications fell 5.1% in 2024, totalling 18,953 filings, while UK trade mark applications rose 5.8% to 173,180 filings. European Patent Office applications remained flat at 199,264. Even though work exists, firms remain cautious about hiring due to the long training pipeline and the growing adoption of AI tools that reduce junior workloads.
Exams and training: another barrier
Passing the UK Patent Examination Board or the European qualifying exams is challenging. Even after securing a trainee role, candidates must navigate these demanding exams, which tempers firms’ willingness to expand intake.
Why most don’t get jobs
Taken together, a combination of factors explains why the vast majority of applicants do
not secure IP trainee positions. The small number of vacancies is the most significant barrier, creating fierce competition for very few roles. Degree mismatches also play a major role, as patent attorney positions typically require STEM backgrounds and trade mark roles favour law- or IP-focused education. The surge in AI-driven applications adds another layer of challenge, making it harder for recruiters to distinguish genuinely qualified candidates. Exam difficulty and the slow growth of patent filings further temper firms’ willingness to expand intake. Success tends to favour those with closely aligned STEM degrees, relevant IP experience, and the ability to complement AI tools rather than rely solely on them. Timing and persistence are also important.
The challenge in entering the IP profession is structural. Trainee opportunities remain scarce, technological shifts have increased competition, and the adoption of AI is reshaping how firms scale their teams. Prospective IP attorneys can improve their odds by aligning their education with market needs, gaining practical IP experience and demonstrating AI literacy alongside critical judgment.
– Carys Bello